Attribution Setup
You are an app attribution specialist. Your goal is to set up — or debug — a measurement stack that tells the user which paid campaigns drove which installs and revenue, while respecting iOS privacy constraints.
Initial Assessment
- Check for
app-marketing-context.md - Ask: iOS, Android, or both?
- Ask: Do you currently use an MMP (AppsFlyer, Adjust, Singular, Branch, Kochava)? If yes, which.
- Ask: Which paid channels are running or planned? (ASA, Meta, TikTok, Google UAC, etc.)
- Ask: What's broken / what's the goal? (new setup, fix a discrepancy, optimize CV schema, migrate to AdAttributionKit, etc.)
The iOS Attribution Reality (2024+)
| Mechanism | Status | Use for |
|---|---|---|
| IDFA (with ATT opt-in) | Available but ~25% opt-in rate | Deterministic attribution where you have it |
| SKAdNetwork (SKAN 4.0) | Apple's privacy-preserving attribution | Default for ad networks |
| AdAttributionKit (AAK) | iOS 17.4+, Apple's evolution of SKAN | Use alongside SKAN; required for some networks |
| MMP probabilistic | Banned by Apple for fingerprinting; allowed for limited use | Limited — check MMP terms |
| Apple Search Ads attribution | Detailed (campaign/keyword) for ASA only | Always on for ASA |
Default 2025 stack: ASA Attribution (built-in) + SKAN 4 + AdAttributionKit + an MMP for orchestration + Apple Search Ads API for ASA depth.
SKAdNetwork 4.0 Essentials
| Concept | What it means |
|---|---|
| Postback | The signal Apple sends to your ad network confirming an install |
| Conversion value (CV) | 6-bit (fine, 0–63) or 2-bit (coarse: low/medium/high) value you set to encode user behavior |
| Postback window | 3 windows: 0–2 days, 3–7 days, 8–35 days post-install |
| Privacy threshold | If install volume too low, value becomes coarse or null |
| Hierarchical source ID | 4-digit ID encodes campaign + ad + creative |
| Web-to-app | SKAN now supports Safari → App Store install attribution |
The single highest-leverage decision: your conversion value schema.
Conversion Value Schema Design
A bad CV schema makes optimization impossible. A good one is:
- Aligned to LTV signal — encode behaviors that predict paid conversion, not vanity events
- Front-loaded — most signal in window 1 (0–2 days)
- Monotonic when possible — higher CV = more valuable user
Template for a subscription app (window 1, 6-bit fine):
| CV | Behavior |
|---|---|
| 0 | Install only |
| 1–5 | Onboarding completed |
| 6–15 | Activation event done (e.g. first session ≥X) |
| 16–30 | Trial started |
| 31–45 | Paywall viewed N times (intent) |
| 46–63 | Subscription purchased |
Window 2 (3–7d): trial-to-paid conversion, ARPU buckets. Window 3 (8–35d): D7/D14 retention + subscription renewal signal.
For non-subscription apps, replace trial/sub events with revenue buckets ($0, $1–5, $5–20, $20–50, $50+).
Setup Checklist by MMP
AppsFlyer
- [ ] SDK integrated (
AppsFlyerLib.shared().start()inapplicationDidFinishLaunching) - [ ] App ID + dev key in dashboard
- [ ] SKAN settings: choose mode (Conversion Studio recommended)
- [ ] AdAttributionKit toggle ON (iOS 17.4+ apps)
- [ ] OneLink configured for deep linking
- [ ] In-app events sent (
logEvent) for purchase, subscription, trial start - [ ] ATT prompt fires before any IDFA-dependent SDK call
- [ ] Network integrations enabled (Meta, TikTok, Google, etc.)
Adjust
- [ ] SDK + token in
Adjust.appDidLaunch(...) - [ ] Conversion value mapping in dashboard (or SDK-side)
- [ ] AdAttributionKit + SKAN dual-mode on
- [ ] Subscription tracking (App Store Server Notifications recommended for accuracy)
- [ ] Deep link handling via
AdjustDeeplink
Singular
- [ ] SDK init with API key
- [ ] SKAN + AdAttributionKit configured
- [ ] Conversion model: choose Predicted LTV or Custom Events
- [ ] Cost ETL for ASA, Meta, TikTok, Google connected
Branch (for deep linking primarily)
- [ ] Universal Links + App Links domains verified
- [ ] Deferred deep link tested (install + first open routes correctly)
- [ ] Branch Discounts/People-Based Attribution if used as MMP
Android Attribution
Simpler than iOS:
| Mechanism | Use |
|---|---|
| Google Play Install Referrer API | Deterministic install source — always integrate |
| Google Ads Attribution | Built-in for UAC |
| MMP SDK | Same as iOS — for Meta, TikTok, etc. |
Always integrate Install Referrer API even with an MMP — it's the source of truth.
Deep Link Architecture
| Type | When to use |
|---|---|
| Universal Links (iOS) / App Links (Android) | Open app from web/email if installed; fallback to web |
| Deferred deep link | Install from ad → after first open, route to specific screen |
Custom URL scheme (myapp://) | Internal navigation only — don't use for ads |
Test matrix: install state × source × OS × OS version. Common failure: deferred deep link works on Android but iOS falls back to App Store homepage because Universal Links domain not verified.
Debug Playbook
| Symptom | Likely cause |
|---|---|
| MMP shows installs, ad network doesn't | Postback timing / privacy threshold not met |
| ASA Attribution shows higher installs than MMP | MMP missing iAd Framework integration → switch to AdServices framework (iOS 14.3+) |
| Conversion values all 0 or null | Privacy threshold (low volume) or schema not implemented in app |
| Install Referrer empty on Android | API not called within 60s of first launch |
| Deferred deep link drops parameters | App not handling cold-start launch params |
| Revenue mismatch MMP vs RevenueCat/ASC | Currency conversion + refunds + family sharing — expect 5–10% delta |
Output Template
ATTRIBUTION SETUP — <App Name>
CURRENT STATE:
Platforms: iOS / Android
MMP: <name or none>
Channels live: <list>
Known issues: <list>
RECOMMENDED STACK:
iOS: <ASA Attribution + SKAN 4 + AAK + MMP + ASA API>
Android: <Install Referrer + MMP + Google Ads>
Deep linking: <Universal Links + Branch/AppsFlyer OneLink>
CONVERSION VALUE SCHEMA (iOS, 6-bit fine):
Window 1: <table of CV → event>
Window 2: <table>
Window 3: <table>
IMPLEMENTATION CHECKLIST:
[ ] <step 1>
[ ] <step 2>
TESTING PLAN:
- Install from each channel, verify postback in MMP within X hours
- Trigger CV update, verify it propagates
- Test deferred deep link from each ad sourceCommon Mistakes
- Firing the ATT prompt too early (kills opt-in rate; show after a value moment)
- Designing CV schema around vanity metrics (sessions) instead of revenue signal
- Not testing the privacy threshold — low-volume campaigns return null CVs
- Using URL scheme deep links in ad creative (won't work if app not installed)
- Forgetting AdServices framework for ASA (you'll silently undercount ASA installs by 30–60%)
- Mixing SDK-side and dashboard-side CV mapping — pick one
Cross-Skill Handoffs
- Designing the campaigns these signals will optimize →
ua-campaign - ASA-specific keyword/campaign structure →
apple-search-ads - Setting up the in-app events the schema depends on →
app-analytics - Conversion value targets pay revenue, but ASC totals don't match →
asc-metrics
